Principles of miRNA-Target Regulation in Metazoan Models

Principles of miRNA-Target Regulation in Metazoan Models

MicroRNAs (miRs) are key post-transcriptional regulators that silence gene expression by direct base pairing to target sites of RNAs. They have a wide variety of tissue expression patterns and are differentially expressed during development and disease. Their activity and abundance is subject to various levels of control ranging from transcription and biogenesis to miR response elements on RNAs...

Engels and Hutvagner: miRNA mediated gene regulation 1 Principles and Effects of miRNA-mediated Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

miRNAs are abundant regulatory RNAs involved in the regulation of many key biological processes. Recent advances in understanding the mechanism of RNAi and miRNA-mediated mechanisms shed light on major principals of the formation of the regulatory complex and provide models to explain how these small regulatory RNA species interfere with gene expression and how they influence the translational ...

miRNA Regulation in Development

miRNA–target chimeras reveal miRNA 3′-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity

microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO-miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, w...

Dual Regulation of miRNA Biogenesis Generates Target Specificity in Neurotrophin-Induced Protein Synthesis

Control of translation is a fundamental source of regulation in gene expression. The induction of protein synthesis by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) critically contributes to enduring modifications of synaptic function, but how BDNF selectively affects only a minority of expressed mRNAs is poorly understood. We report that BDNF rapidly elevates Dicer, increasing mature miRNA levels a...